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PARSLEY                                            Petroselinum crispus,

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Do you know the benefits of parsley tea? 
This was used as one of the common herbal tea remedies in the past. Do you have it growing in your herb garden?

Parsley tea has been used for its therapeutic properties for centuries. The parsley plant, also known as Petroselinum crispus, is the most easily identified of all herbs. It name is from the Greek word meaning “rock celery” (it is a relative of celery).

It can be found in the produce departments around the world. This is probably the most familiar garnish used when plating food. There are two common varieties of parsley, curly and flat leaf (Italian) parsley. The Italian variety is more fragrant and has less bitter taste than the curly variety.Though fresh parsley often shows up as a garnish in soup or casseroles, it does have numerous health benefits. Not only is it an excellent source of vitamins A and K, parsley also supplies small amounts of potassium, iron and fiber. Besides using it as a flavorful herb in your meals, you may use it to make a steaming hot cup of tea that tastes delicious and is good for you. The parsley will infuse the tea with the same nutrients you'd get if you ate it raw. 
Ask your doctor before drinking it to make sure it won't interfere with any treatment or aggravate a medical condition.

Parsley tea is a herbal tea rich in vitamin C, and has numerous health benefits. It is veritably used in various cuisines, as well as a herbal medicine. It is said to be invented in the Mediterranean regions where it was consumed for its antioxidant properties and used for treating several medical conditions, like arthritis, anemia, gallstones, constipation, ear infections, and excess weight etc. It was also commonly used to induce periods. This herb is known to stimulate the body to begin menstruating quickly with less, or no cramps. The volatile oils from parsley tea can cause the blood to flow in the direction of the reproductive organs.

So, knowing its benefits, what could be the possible side effects of drinking this tea? There are not many scientifically recognized contraindications and interactions of the tea, but yes, there are some side effects that cannot be neglected either. Hence, caution must always be taken by pregnant women, people with kidney problems, and those with recurring diarrhea problems to refrain themselves from consuming parsley tea


In Pregnant Women

Avoid using parsley tea during pregnancy as it can cause uterine bleeding that may increase the risk of a miscarriage. This happens as stated earlier; the tea stimulates the blood to flow towards the reproductive system, i.e., the uterus and cervix of a pregnant woman. Consumption of parsley tea can cause muscle contraction of the uterus, too. It can also lead to several allergic reactions to the mucous membrane. Hence, to avoid the possibility of a miscarriage and other such side effects, a pregnant woman, or women who are trying to conceive, should stay away from this tea.


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www.malaysianherbals.com MANGO- (81)-மாங்காய்

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MANGO (Mangifera indica L)

The mango is a fleshy stone fruit belonging to the genus Mangifera, consisting of numerous tropical fruiting trees in the flowering plant family Anacardiaceae.

 The mango is native to South Asia, from where it has been distributed worldwide to become one of the most cultivated fruits in the tropics.
 While other Mangifera species (e.g. horse mango, M. foetida) are also grown on a more localized basis, Mangifera indica – the 'common mango' or 'Indian mango' – is the only mango tree commonly cultivated in many tropical and subtropical regions. It is the national fruit of India, Pakistan and the Philippines, and the national tree of Bangladesh.

Mango peel and pulp contain other compounds, such as pigment carotenoids andpolyphenols, and omega-3 and -6 polyunsaturated fatty acids.

Although not confirmed scientifically, mango peel pigments may have biological effects, including carotenoids, such as the provitamin A compound, beta-carotene, lutein and alpha-carotene, polyphenols such as quercetin,kaempferol, gallic acid, caffeic acid, catechins, tannins, and the unique mangoxanthonoid, mangiferin, which are under preliminary research for their potential to counteract various disease processes. Phytochemical and nutrient content appears to vary across mango species. Up to 25 different carotenoids have been isolated from mango pulp, the densest of which was beta-carotene, which accounts for the yellow-orange pigmentation of most mango species. Peel and leaves also have significant polyphenol content, including xanthonoids, mangiferin and gallic acid. Work presented at the Australian Health and Medical Research Congress at Melbourne, showed that certain compounds in the mango skin help fight diseases such as diabetes, control cholesterol levels and prevent some forms of cancer.

The mango triterpene, lupeol, is an effective inhibitor in laboratory models ofprostate and skin cancers. An extract of mango branch bark called Vimang, isolated by Cuban scientists, contains numerous polyphenols with antioxidant properties in vitro and on blood parameters of elderly humans.

 HEALTH BENEFITS 

1.  Prevents Cancer: 
Research has shown antioxidant compounds in mango fruit have been found to protect against colon, breast, leukemia and prostate cancers. These compounds include quercetin, isoquercitrin, astragalin, fisetin, gallic acid and methylgallat, as well as the abundant enzymes.

2.  Lowers Cholesterol: 
The high levels of fiber, pectin and vitamin C help to lower serum cholesterol levels, specifically Low-Density Lipoprotein (the bad stuff)

3.  Clears the Skin: 
Can be used both internally and externally for the skin. Mangos clear clogged pores and eliminate pimples. (Read more on page 5.)

4.  Eye Health: 
One cup of sliced mangoes supplies 25 percent of the needed daily value of vitamin A, which promotes good eyesight and prevents night blindness and dry eyes.

5.  Alkalizes the Whole Body:
The tartaric acid, malic acid, and a trace of citric acid found in the fruit help to maintain the alkali reserve of the body.

6. Helps in Diabetes: 
Mango leaves help normalize insulin levels in the blood.  The traditional home remedy involves boiling leaves in water, soaking through the night and then consuming the filtered decoction in the morning. Mango fruit also have a relatively low glycemic index (41-60) so moderate quantities will not spike your sugar levels.

7. Improved Sex: 
Mangos are a great source of vitamin E. Even though the popular connection between sex drive and vitamin E was originally created by a mistaken generalization on rat studies, further research has shown balanced proper amounts (as from whole food) does help in this area.

8. Improves Digestion: 
Papayas are not the only fruit that contain enzymes for breaking down protein. There are several fruits, including mangoes, which have this healthful quality. The fiber in mangos also helps digestion and elimination.

9. Remedy for Heat Stroke
Juicing the fruit from green mango and mixing with water and a sweetener helps to cool down the body and prevent harm to the body. From an ayurvedic viewpoint, the reason people often get diuretic and exhausted when visiting equatorial climates is because the strong “sun energy” is burning up your body, particularly the muscles.  The kidneys then become overloaded with the toxins from this process.

10. Boosts Immune system 
The generous amounts of vitamin C and vitamin A in mangos, plus 25 different kinds of carotenoids keep your immune system healthy and strong.

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www.malaysianherbals.com- (80)Garcinia Cambogia:மலபார் புளி

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Garcinia Cambogia: A Weight Loss Remedy from the Asian Jungles           குடம் புளி

குடம்புளி சமையலில் பொதுவாகச் சுவை கூட்டவும் செர்மானத்திற்கும் பயன்படுத்தப்படுகிறது.^[2]. பழத்தோலினின்று தயாரிக்கப்படும் ஒருவித சாறு வாதம் மற்றும் வயிறு உபாதைகளுக்குச் சிறந்த மருந்தாகும்.^[3]. ஹோமியோபதி மருத்துவத்தில் குடம்புளியினின்று தயாரிக்கப்படும் மருந்து வயிற்றுப்போக்கிற்கு மிகவும் சிறந்தமருந்தாகும். மரத்தின் பட்டைகளினின்று பெறப்படும் மஞ்சள்நிற கோந்தானது மருத்துவத்தில் பயன்படுகின்றது. உடல் தசைகளை வலுவாக்குவதோடு சர்க்கரை வியாதியை நிவர்த்தி செய்யும் தன்மையையும் குடம்புளி கொண்டுள்ளது. இதில் அடங்கியுள்ள ஹைட்டிராக்சி சிட்ரிக் அமிலம்^[4]. இதயம் சம்பந்தமான நோய்களைக் குணமாக்கும் தன்மை படைத்தது. இரத்தத்திலுள்ள கொழுப்பின் அளவைக் குறைக்கவும் குடம்புளி உகந்தது.^[5] கால்நடைகளின் வாய் சம்பந்தப்பட்ட நோய்களுக்கும் குடம்புளி மருந்தாகும். உலர்ந்த பழத்தின் சதைப்பகுதியானது தங்கம் மற்றும் வெள்ளியைத் துலக்குவதற்கு பயன்படுகிறது. மேலும் ரப்பர் பாலை கெட்டியாக்குவதற்கும் குடம்புளி பயன்படுகிறது.

In India, the fruit is better known as the Malabar tamarind, kudampuli (in Kerala) and under the name “cambodge.”

Origin of Garcinia Cambogia

This fruit originated in Indonesia, but is grown and cultivated along the Western Ghats of Kerala. Sri Lanka and Malaysia are also well acquainted with the garcinia cambogia.

Garcinia Cambogia Diet 

 

Thе garcinia cambogia diet iѕ ѕo рoрular lаtely bесauѕе mаnу peоplе nоw knоw thаt thiѕ fruіt actѕ аѕ а tоtаllу nаtural aрpеtitе ѕupрrеssаnt. It raiѕeѕ thе levеls оf serоtonin іn thе humаn'ѕ brаin, аnd wе аll knоw thаt ѕеrotоnin cоntrоlѕ оur mооd, stresѕ аnd аppеtіte; аnd аccordіng to manу studieѕ, thе aррetіtе аnd ѕerоtоnin levelѕ arе direсtly relаted. Thuѕ, bу raіsіng theѕе lеvelѕ, уou wіll naturallу hаve lоw appеtitе.

Addіtіоnallу, thе garcinia cambogia extract dоеs nоt lеt thе lіvеr to ѕtоre fatѕ аnd cаrbоhydrаtеѕ іn thе bodу. Mоrеovеr, thankѕ to thіѕ extract, thе dіgеѕtivе ѕуstem brеakѕ dоwn thе fаts аnd carbоhydrateѕ іntо еnеrgу, mеanіng thаt уоur bоdy wіll havе а сonstаnt enеrgу streаm. Thіѕ рlаnt, аs wеll aѕ іtѕ fruіts, haѕ bеen conѕumеd ѕafely fоr уеаrs. Bеfоrе уou buy garcinia саmbiоga, уou muѕt leаrn thаt nоthing іѕ morе еffeсtive thаn mаnаgіng а heаlthy diet аnd regulаr exеrciѕe rеgimen.

Garcinia cambogia is an evergreen tree that grows in tropical Asia. It is also the latest offering in a world of natural weight loss supplements. People who make Garcinia supplements part of their daily routine can lose four pounds a month without exercise.

Called a breakthrough by Doctor Oz, Garcinia extract joins the ranks of other well-known diet supplements like raspberry ketone, green coffee bean extract and caralluma fimbriata. What makes it unique are the many health benefits it provides in addition to appetite suppression.

Availability of Garcinia Cambogia in India

Malabar tamarinds grow exclusively in the south, particularly in Kerala. It’s not uncommon for homes in this region to have such fruit trees and their yard. Kudampuli season is June through August, during the rainy months.

Where to find Garcinia Cambogia in India

You might find fresh fruits during a stroll through the streets of Kerala and in the local markets or pushcarts there. Beyond that, it’s not widely shipped or grown throughout India. You have better luck finding it in its dried, blackened form, or as a nutritional supplement in health food stores.

Checking for Ripeness in Garcinia Cambogia

These fruits are generally green when unripe, and vary in color once ripened as they turn hues of red, orange, yellow and brownish yellow. 

What is Garcinia Extract?

Garcinia extract comes from the fruit of the Garcinia cambogia tree. Resembling little pumpkins, the yellow fruit often goes by the name tamarind, gambooge or brindle berry. The fruit is too acidic to eat fresh from the tree, but the extract is used to flavor many Asian dishes.

Through the years, folk medicine has used Garcinia Cambogia to treat joint pain, stomach problems and constipation. Asians recognized long ago the ability of Garcinia to suppress the appetite. Now, thanks to Doctor Oz and other nutrition specialists, the Western world can enjoy the weight loss benefits.

How Does it Curb the Appetite?

Hydroxycitric acid, better known as HCA, is the secret ingredient in Garcinia extract. This acidic ingredient blocks the efforts of citrate lyase, an enzyme that converts sugar to fat. Instead of allowing the body to store fat, it burns excess carbohydrates and speeds metabolism.

During the fat-blocking process, HCA reduces bad cholesterol and lowers triglyceride levels. It also boosts the production of serotonin, a chemical regulator of appetite, mood and sleep. Raised levels of serotonin appease the appetite and halt sugar cravings. They also lift depression and improve mood, which helps emotional eaters get control of their eating.

Does it Cause Any Side Effects?

Since Garcinia cambogia is a relatively new supplement, it has not been examined extensively in clinical studies. The few studies that have been conducted show a lot of promise for HCA supplements. Study participants have lost up to 14 pounds in eight weeks’ time.

Doctor Oz and others believe Garcinia Cambogia to be a safe dietary supplement. Traditional medicine has used the extract for centuries, with no significant problems. Headaches and nausea are the most common side effects, and they are usually quite mild.

As an herbal supplement, Garcinia extract may relate negatively to certain prescription drugs. For this reason, it is important to receive doctor approval before taking the extract. For most people, Garcinia can be an effective way to lose weight and improve health. Combined with exercise and a healthy diet, it can help almost anyone reach their weight loss goals.

குடம்புளி (Garcinia gummi-gutta இலங்கை வழக்கு: கொறுக்காய், சிங்களம்: ගොරකා) என்றஇந்தோனேசியாவைத் தாயகமாகக் கொண்ட தாவரம் கட்டிபரேயீ (Guttiferae) என்ற குடும்பத்தைச் சார்ந்தது. மலபார் புளி மற்றும் காம்போட்ஜ் (கன்னடம்: gambooge,ಕಾಚುಪುಳಿ) என்று அழைக்கப்படும் குடம் புளியானது 'கார்சினியா கம்போஜியோ'(Garcinia cambogia)'^[1] என்று தாவரவியலாளர்களால் அறியப்படும் பழநறுமணப் பயிராகும்.


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www.malaysianherbals.com-- Cassia angustifolia Vahl.(79)-திருநெல்வேலி சென்னா

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Thirunel velli senna

 Cassia angustifolia Vahl.

Senna includes herbs, shrubs, and trees. The leaves are pinnate with opposite paired leaflets. The inflorescences are racemes at the ends of branches or emerging from the leaf axils. The flower has five sepals and five usually yellow petals. There are ten straight stamens. The stamens may be different sizes, and some are staminodes. The fruit is a legume pod containing several seeds

English : Indian senna, Thirunelvelly senna

Cassia angustifolia

Hindi Sanay, Sana ka patt

Kannada Nelavarike, Sonamukhi

Malayalam Sunnamukki, Connamukki

Sanskrit Sivarnapatti

Telugu Nela tangedu

Tamil Nilavarai, Nelavakai

Cassia angustifolia is a drought resistant plant. It is a native plant of Saudi Arabia. But, nowadays it is grown widely in India also. It was first grown in India, in Tirunelveli district of Tamil Nadu. Now, it is grown in Tirunelveli, Ramanathapuram districts of Tamil Nadu and also in Gujarat and Maharastra. The importance of this plant lie in it’s constituent “Sennosides”. It has Sennosides A, B,C,D. But, only A & B are used as medicines.

Alexandrian Senna is a shrubby plant that reaches 0.5–1, rarely two, metres in height with a branched, pale-green erect stem and long spreading branches bearing four or five pairs of leaves. These leaves form complex, feathery, mutual pairs. The leaflets vary from 4 to 6 pairs, fully edged, with a sharp top. The midribs are equally divided at the base of the leaflets. The flowers are in a raceme interior^{[verification needed]} blossoms, big in size, coloured yellow that tends to brown. Its legume fruit are horned, broadly oblong, compressed and flat and contain about six seeds.

When cultured, the plants are cut down semi-annually, dried in the sun, stripped and packed in palm-leaf bags. They are then sent on camels to Essouan and Darao, then down the Nile to Cairo or else to Red Sea ports. For the nomadic Ababda, for example, trade in senna provides a significant source of income.

It can be grown even in waste lands, there is no need for frequent irrigation and maintenance. It is one of the major medicinal plants exported from India.

But, it is not used much by Indians and it’s consumption is less in India.

About 180 tonnes of Calcium sennosides is produced in India per annum. Out of 180, 140 tonne is exported.

Generally leaf extract is used for laxative preparation. Leaf has higher sennoside content. The young leaves are found to have high sennoside quantity than the matured ones.

Dosage as laxative: 0.5 to 2 grams.

Researches are going on for increasing the sennoside content of senna by applying stress (Plant tissue culture)

 Philip Miller segregated Senna from Cassia in 1754 in the fourth edition of The Gardeners Dictionary. Until 1982, many authors, following Linnaeus, did not recognize Senna and Chamaecrista, but included them in a broadly circumscribed Cassia sensu lato. Phylogenetic analyses of DNA have shown that Chamaecrista, Cassia, and Senna are all monophyletic, but the relationships between these three genera have not been resolved. They are therefore shown in phylogenetic trees as a tritomy.

In medicine

Sennas have for millennia played a major role in herbalism and folk medicine. Alexandrian senna (S. alexandrina) has long been traded commercially.

Senna glycosides, or sennosides, are used in modern medicine as laxatives. Senna drugs contain the dried leaves of S. alexandrina. The glycosides increase gastric fluid secretion and bowel motility, producing laxative action. Senna preparations are available in powders, granules, tablets, oral infusions, and syrups. It is also available in combination with the dietary fiber psyllium to add bulk to the bowel contents. The products are only recommended for short-term use, and chronic use and abuse of senna has been associated with organ failure.

Resveratrol was first isolated fromSenna quinquangulata

Several Senna species are used as herbal remedies in Nigeria to treat various conditions, including constipation, fungal skin infections, andhemorrhoids.

The senna plant is a small shrub in the cassia genus, which belongs to the fabaceae family, and is native to regions of West Asia. It is not uncommon for people to confuse this plant with the senna genus; however, in 1754, the Scottish botanist Phillip Miller divided the senna from the cassia, but the common name of senna remained with the cassia angustifolia. These plants are erect, branching shrubs that can reach between 2 to 3 feet in height. They are made up of tiny yellow flowers; smooth, light green stems; and long branches that hold four to five pairs of thick, veiny, apexed leaves which are gray-green on top, and yellow-green at the bottom.

The senna plant is best known as one of the most powerful natural laxatives available, but these small, lovely shrubs are used for a variety of applications. Several parts of this plant – including the leaves and the small, green-brown pod fruits – contain a wide array of beneficial agents, including the vitamins A and B, C and D. Its initial usage was brought about by the Arabian doctors Mesue and Serapion; however, it began a wider distribution when in Greece, Achiarius – who had realized the potential of the senna plant – recommended using the fruit pods in place of the leaves, as they do not cause painful “gripping” sensations. Although these plants were used primarily to help cleanse the body, in more modern times, they are used to treat a number of ailments. For instance, these plants aid in expelling worms and parasites from the system; to encourage weight loss, or discourage loss of appetite; they act as a diuretic to help restore proper secretions of vital enzymes; and they may also be useful in treating arthritis, gout and skin inflammation. Although the senna plant is exceptionally useful in a number of ways, it is not, unfortunately, without side-effects. It is not recommended that these plants be used by pregnant or lactating women, as over-use may cause a decrease in nutrients. Over-use by anyone may create a weakening of the colon, sore joints, and a weakness of muscles.

Dried senna plants were once given in sachets to help attract romantic partners. Because of this, they are now considered one of the many symbols of love. As a gift, they may very well make for an original Valentine’s Day or anniversary present, as they are not only lovely in appearance, and useful in a variety of ways, but they are also quite uncommon.

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www.malaysianherbals.com - Senna spectabilis -(78) (Spectacular Cassia) ஆவாரை இனம்

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ஆவாரையில் ஓரினம்

Senna spectabilis (Spectacular Cassia)
Senna spectabilis has been introduced to Africa as an ornamental and a boundary marker. It timber is not highly valued but it produces good quality firewood.

Senna (from Arabic sanā), the sennas, is a large genus of flowering plants in the legume family Fabaceae, and the subfamily Caesalpinioideae. This diverse genus is native throughout the tropics, with a small number of species intemperate regions. The number of species is estimated to be from about 260 to 350.The type species for the genus is Senna alexandrina. About 50 species of Senna are known in cultivation.

Senna includes herbs, shrubs, and trees.

The leaves are pinnate with opposite paired leaflets. The inflorescences areracemes at the ends of branches or emerging from the leaf axils. The flower has five sepals and five usually yellow petals. There are ten straight stamens. The stamens may be different sizes, and some are staminodes. The fruit is a legume pod containing several seeds.

According to Epilepsy Foundation, Epilepsy or seizure affects nearly 3 million Americans. This illness has an assessed annual cost of $17.6 billion, direct and indirect costs. Roughly, 200,000 new cases of seizures and epilepsy are recorded each year. 

There are treatments available nowadays. These medications help many people who live with epilepsy. But there are more than a million people who continue to have episodes of seizures that can rigorously limit their school accomplishments, occupation prospects and contribution in life's experiences.

According to National Sleep Institute,

“Insomnia, which is Latin for "no sleep," is the inability to fall asleep or stay asleep. Insomnia is also used to describe the condition of waking up not feeling restored or refreshed.” 

According to the National Center for Sleep Disorders Research at the National Institutes of Health, about 30-40 percent of grown persons claim that they experience symptoms of insomnia within a given year, and about 10-15 percent of adults claim that they have chronic insomnia. There are also treatments available in the market. Sleeping pills are one of the common medical treatments for insomnia.

In 2010, a research was conducted about the anticonvulsant and sedative activity of leaves of Sennaspectabilis. In its abstract, the authors stated:

“Senna spectabilis DC. is a small tree, 3 to 5 m, found in tropical areas in Africa, Asia, Australia, Latino and South America. It is used in traditional medicine in Cameroon to treat many diseases (constipation, insomnia, epilepsy, anxiety, etc.). Therefore, the aim of this study was to look scientifically for the anticonvulsant and sedative properties of S. spectabilis… The results lead to the conclusion that the extract of Senna spectabilis possesses anticonvulsant and sedative properties in mice. It also explains the use of Senna spectabilis in traditional medicine in Africa, for the treatment of insomnia and epilepsy.”

Another study also suggests that Senna spectabilis has anticonvulsant effect on animals. According to the study entitled “Central Nervous System Effects of Iso-6-spectaline Isolated from SennaSpectabilis var. Excelsa (Schrad) in Mice”

“The central nervous system (CNS) depressant and anticonvulsant activities of iso-6-spectaline(SPEC) were investigated in animal models… This SPEC was also capable of promoting an increase of latency for development of convulsions induced by picrotoxin at highest dose. In the same way, the anticonvulsant effect of SPEC was affected by pretreatment with flumazenil, a selective antagonist of the benzodiazepine site of the GABAA receptor. These results suggest possible CNS depressant and anticonvulsant activities in mice that need further investigation.”

These researches have shown that Senna spectabilis is effective in animals as anti-convulsant and CNS depressant. However, it is only effective with addition to the medicines. Additionally, these researches recommend further investigation of the effects of this herbal medicine to people, since it was studied on animals.

Synonyms

Cassia corymbosa Lam. (misapplied)
Cassia floribunda Cav. (misapplied)
Cassia laevigata Willd.
Cassia septemtrionalis Viv.
Senna x floribunda (Cav.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby (misapplied)

Common Names

arsenic bush, Brazilian buttercup, buttercup bush, Dooleyweed, laburnum, senna, smooth leaved senna, smooth senna, yellow shower

Description

Senna spectabilis is a small, rounded deciduous tree, 7-10 m (max. 15) tall, and 30 cm in trunk diameter, with a spreadingcrown. Bole is short, tends to fork near the ground and is wide spreading with drooping, leafy branches. Bark smooth, grey with horizontal markings, many warts and short fissures, rougher with age with broad vertical bands of large lenticels (corkypores). Twigs stout, brown with light dots (lenticels), finely hairy; young parts softly pubescent. Leaves alternate, up to 40 cm, once-compound (pinnate) with 4-15 (max. 19) pairs of leaflets, each up to 7.5 cm; petiole 3-4 cm; rachis 10-20 cm (max. 35); stipules paired, threadlike, linear falcate, early caducous, about 1 cm long, without glands; leaflets narrowlyelliptic, 3-7 x 1-2 cm (the lowermost petal usually much smaller and early caducous); base rounded, apex acute,mucronate; margin entire, upper surface glabrous, dull green and almost hairless, with many slightly sunken side veins; lower surface dull light green and soft hairy, sometimes hairless; petiolule short, about 3 mm long (Katende et al. 1995).

Inflorescence large, terminal, lateral, leafy panicles, 15-30 cm (max. 90) long, which are branched and very large. Flowers many, fragrant, composed of 5 rounded hairy bracts, which are ovate, 4-5 mm long, caducous; pedicles 2-3 mm,velutinous. Sepals orange-yellow, unequal, ovate to suborbicular; 2 outer pubescent, 3 inner glabrous, larger, 5-7 mm long. Petals yellow, spathulate, unequal, broadly to narrowly obovate (egg-shaped in outline but with the narrower end at the base), 2-3.5 cm long, anthers opening by apical pores and a slit; stamens 7 large and 3 small sterile (staminodes).Pistil slender, curved, hairless; ovary glabrous, recurved; style and stigma inconspicuous. Fruit cylindrical or flattenedpods ending in a short, narrow point, hard, not splitting open or slightly on 1 side; pendulous, more or less terete or slightlycompressed, glabrous, glossy, annulate-septate, 18-25 (max. 30) x 1 cm, turning from green to black; with many cross walls about 3 mm or less apart, the seeds in separate compartments. Seeds 2.5 cm each division, 50-70, suborbicular, flattened, brown, about 5 mm in diameter; septae papery.

Economic and other uses

Family

Caesalpiniaceae (Queensland, the ACT, Victoria, Tasmania, Western Australia and the Northern Territory)
Fabaceae: sub-family  Caesalpinioideae (New South Wales)
Leguminosae (South Australia)

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