குட்ட நோய் மற்றும் தோல் வெள்ளை (Leucoderma) நோய்களுக்கான தமிழர்தம் பழங்கால மூலிகை.
This plant grows wild in abundance all over Sri Lanka, Nepal, India, and the Pothohar region of Pakistan, particularly in the Pharwala area.
Nees, (Bengali: বাসক পাতা) (Kannada: Aadumuttada Soppu)(Malayalam: ആടലോടകം ("aadalodakam") , Sanskrit: अडुसा adusa, aruha, अरुष arusha, others)
A medicinal plant of Asia
This plant grows wild in abundance all over Sri Lanka, Nepal, India, and the Pothohar region of Pakistan, particularly in the Pharwala area.
Nees, (Bengali: বাসক পাতা) (Kannada: Aadumuttada Soppu)(Malayalam: ആടലോടകം ("aadalodakam") , Sanskrit: अडुसा adusa, aruha, अरुष arusha, others)
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This is a shrub with lance-shaped leaves 10 to 15 centimeters in length by four wide. They are oppositely arranged, smooth-edged, and borne on short petioles. When dry they are of a dull brownish-green colour. They are bitter-tasting. When a leaf is cleared with chloral hydrate and examined microscopically the oval stomata can be seen. They are surrounded by two crescent-shaped cells at right angles to the ostiole. The epidermis bears simple one- to three-celled warty hairs, and small glandular hairs. Cystoliths occur beneath the epidermis of the underside of the blade.
Chemical composition
Several alkaloids are present in the leaves. The most important is vasicine, a quinazoline alkaloid responsible for the medicinal activity of the plant.[citation needed] The vasicine yield of the herbage has been measured as 0.541 to 1.1% by dry weight.
Pharmacology
This shrub has a number of traditional medicinal uses.
Vasicine, the active compound, has been compared to theophylline both in vitro and in vivo. Another, vasicinone, showed bronchodilatory activity in vitro but bronchoconstrictory activity in vivo; it is probably biotransformed in vivo, causing bronchoconstriction. Both the alkaloids in combination (1:1) showed pronounced bronchodilatory activity in vivo and in vitro. Vasicine also exhibited strong respiratory stimulant activity, moderate hypotensive activity and cardiac-depressant effect; vasicinone was devoid of these activities. The cardiac-depressant effect was significantly reduced when a mixture of vasicine and vasicinone was used. Vasicinone (dl-form) showed no effect on the isolated heart, but probably the l-form is a weak cardiac stimulant. Clinical trials of a commercial drug containing vasicinone and vasicinone have not revealed any side effects while treating bronchial asthma.
Names
It is also called Adhatoda vasika, which is derived from a former scientific name. It has different names in different Indian languages.[2]
- Malayalam: Atalotakam (ആടലോടകം)
- Sanskrit: Sinhapuri, Vasaka (वसाका)
- Hindi: Adosa, Arusha, Rus, Bansa
- Bengali: Adulsa, Bakash,Vasok
- Gujarati: Adulso, Aduraspee, Bansa (અરડૂસી)
- Kannada: Adusogae
- Marathi: Adulsa, Adusa (अडुळसा)
- Persian: Bansa
- Punjabi: Bhekkar
- Tamil: Adathodai
- Telugu: Adamkabu, Adampaka, Addasaram (అడ్డసరం)
Respiratory: The antitussive activity of an Adhatoda vasica extract was assessed in anaesthetized guinea pigs and rabbits and in unanaesthetized guinea pigs. The extract was shown to have an antitussive activity similar to codeine in cough induced by irritant aerosols (Dhuley 1999). Researchers studied the activity of bromhexine and ambroxol, semi-synthetic derivatives of the alkaloid vasicine isolated from A. vasica. The benzylamines bromhexine and ambroxol are commonly used as mucolytics in modern medicine, and have a pH-dependent growth-inhibitory effect on Mycobacterium tuberculosis. These compounds are concentrated in macrophages and appear to enhance lysozyme levels in bronchial secretions, as well as the levels of the antitubercular drug rifampicin in lung tissue and sputum (Grange and Snell 1996). The compound 7,8,9,1 o-tetrahydroazepino (2,1 -b)-quinazoline-12 (6h), one, isolated from A. vasica was determined to have a potent bronchodilatory effect in humans (Malhotra et al 1988).
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